A study conducted by Consumer Reports revealed that 55% of shoppers perceive online shopping to be equivalent to offline shopping. To investigate whether this outcome applies to Ningbo, we surveyed a group of shoppers to determine their belief in the comparability of online and offline shopping.

A report indicates that the average amount of money people spend on Christmas gifts is $200. However, we are interested in whether there is a difference between male and female consumers in the amounts they spend. In a survey of 100 male consumers, the average expenditure was found to be $180, while in a survey of 120 female consumers, the average expenditure was $200. We find that the sample standard deviation for male consumers is s= $40, and the sample standard deviation for female consumers is s=$50.